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Case study of precise functional demands, even before the start of building investment, will make possible proper selection of a project and needed devices (taking into consideration both requirements and cost).
On the one hand, the company which takes up building an installation should - on its own initiative - expect answers for following questions, on the other hand the investor ought to be sure that responsible firm shouldn't do anything until they give this information:
12 questions for those who plan to build a monitoring system - making case study of functional requirements easier:
  • What types of threats are going to be monitored?
  • What areas are going to be monitored?
  • What is the aim of monitoring individual areas?
  • What is the required level of automation?
  • What reaction of the system should be exercised when individual areas are violated?
  • What reaction time of the system is needed?
  • What environmental conditions will devices have to work in?
  • What way of control of the system is anticipated?
  • How many simultaneous events should be handled by the system?
  • What is sufficient range and security level of signal transmission?
  • How to manage the training of surveillance staff / security guards?
  • What kind of maintenance of the system will be needed and who will be responsible for that?
1. What types of threats are going to be monitored?
Is the system responsible for protection of human lives, big amounts of cash, or rather its job is to monitor e.g. waiting lines at checkout counters? Moreover, it is important to reckon probability and incidence of assaults, to take measures against them already at the early stage of overall design of the system. It all should influence general concept of the surveillance system, selection of equipment, means of protection against devastation, emergency procedures, UPS in case of power failure etc.

2. What areas are going to be monitored?
On the design for the building there should be pointed important areas that are to be observed. It will enable the designer of the surveillance system to select adequate number of cameras with proper lenses and to plan their deployment.
3. What is the purpose of observation of particular zones?
The aim of monitoring of a chosen zone may be activation of determined alarm procedure. One should point out these zones. As opposed to the areas that are only to be observed, one should describe what kind of threats can occur in these particular zones.
4. What is the required level of automation?
One should aim at maximal level of automation, because man-operated systems are expensive and unreliable for a long term. On the other hand, there must be a possibility of manual operation in individual instances.
5. What reaction of the system should be exercised when individual areas are violated?
CCTV devices after breach of a zone usually trigger automatic operation like activation of recording, switching on the light, closing the door, turning on the siren etc.
6. What reaction time of the system is needed?
Delay in operation can be caused by mechanical (e.g. rotator) or electronic (VCR, DVR, telemetric devices) lags. In critical situations, where no delay is acceptable, all devices must work round-the-clock with minimal number of implemented control functions that could bring on an inertia of the system.
7. What environmental conditions will devices have to work in?
One should determine temperature and humidity range, dustiness level, occurrence of electromagnetic interferences, lighting conditions etc., but also some specific conditions, if needed, e.g. explosion hazard.
8. What way of control of the system is anticipated?
There has to be determined the place where the control over the system is to be realized from, persons who will manage it, fixed and variable parameters (all functions not intended to be changed should be blocked).
9. How many simultaneous events should be handled by the system?
When anticipating two or more simultaneous alarm events, it is needed to provide adequate means for handling them, e.g. two or more separate monitors and control systems etc.
10. What is sufficient range and security level of signal transmission?
The use of digital signal processing techniques makes possible Internet transmission - without any range limits. However, already in designing phase the reservation of specific telecommunication connection (for example: bandwidth, fixed IP address) is required, as well as decision at which moment digitalization of signal should be made: in camera (web camera), after cameras (in video web servers) or in recording devices (DVR cards, stand alone DVR). Digital video signal transmission gives new opportunities for remote surveillance of places and objects.
11. How to manage the training of surveillance staff / security guards?
Apart from conducting training course for the whole surveillance staff it is worth to complete written instructions for the system users, including preventive maintenance and procedures of eliminating simple faults etc.
12. What kind of maintenance of the system will be needed and who will be responsible for that?
Some parts of mechanisms of certain devices may require regular lubrication, housings - tightness check, lenses - cleaning, VCR heads - cleaning or exchange. It should be decided whether the basic maintenance is to be performed by the staff or outsourced.
Additionally there should be taken into account all rational individual requirements, and it is well to remember that some surveillance solutions may be subject to the law.
Every installer (installation company), and even the investor or developer who wish to control the action, should equip themselves with regulations adequate for the country they build the system in.
Internet CCTV guide - general and technical tips on surveillance systems